Revealing the microstructure and mechanical attributes of pre-heated conditions for gas tungsten arc welded AISI 1045 steel joints

Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) is considered a well-established process in the manufacturing industry. Despite, certain challenges associated with high hardness of heat affected zone and cold cracking susceptibility joints, are main barriers for this to be implemented successfully within integrity structure. By using combined procedure experiments modelling (response surface methodology (RSM) multi-objective optimization: genetic algorithm (MOGA)) allows obtaining good enhancement over uniform heating, cooling heat-affected which enable major progress quality welded parts. Therefore, research study combines systematic manner considering first type pre-heated treatment without- pre-heating conditions GTAW manufacturing. It leads optimizing parameters when AISI 1045 medium carbon steel. The effects critical i.e. current: WC, speed: WS, gas flow rate: GFR on mechanical properties (ultimate tensile strength (UTS) hardness) were investigated evaluated against microstructure weld fracture. corroborated experimental observation enables obtain maximum UTS approx. 625 MPa 80.19 HRB preheat condition. results highlight an improvement 0.2%–6.7% decrease 0.1%–21.5% by implementing preheating